Microservices v/s APIs: Clear differences

In software architecture and integration, microservices and APIs are often-used terms. The terms might sound new to beginners, but they are the core concepts of every online application today. Experienced developers have a deeper understanding of programs based on microservices and APIs. To use either of these technologies in your product, you must understand how they are different and what their end goals are.

This article will examine the critical differences between microservices and APIs.

What is a Microservice?

Microservices have a misleading name that often seems like a minor development task, but in reality is a broad development domain that covers full-fledged, optimized, and secure software solutions. In software development, microservices can be defined in two contexts:

  1. An independent, tiny development component that is represented by a single microservice.
  2. A microservice can also be used in loosely-coupled software development architecture to facilitate the development of large and complex software solutions. It does so by creating and integrating multiple small developments.

Simply put, microservices are a collection of small development components that, when integrated, create an extensive and robust software product.

What is an API?

API stands for Application Programming Interface. It is not a component like a microservice but a protocol that defines the structure following which two applications can communicate and interact with each other’s data. APIs are software solutions that focus on a particular service. In the software infrastructure, APIs are usually put between the core code components and the front-end interface of the application.

The APIs are added to the software to provide the ability to perform a specific task or borrow functionality from third-party service providers. Whenever software is required to lend its functionality or data to another product, developers must create APIs and write high-level API reference documents and best practices to guide other developers using their APIs.

Microservices and APIs: How do they differ? 

It is difficult to compare or distinguish between a microservice and an API because of several similarities and their use within the development architecture.

Microservices is a software development approach that breaks the product into several modular components. Conversely, APIs are application communication tools that make cross-application communication possible.

1. Microservices rely on APIs

An API is not of much use as it lies in the system dormant unless it is connected to services or microservices to attain functionality. From a different perspective, we can also suggest that microservices depend on APIs to extend the functionality to the users. Software as a service, function as a service, and machine learning as a service are all examples of how microservices use APIs as an essential infrastructural component for their design.

2. Characteristics

Microservices are loosely coupled to allow easier integration and faster creation of robust software. They are decentralized in nature, highly manageable, and scalable. An API is lightweight, fast, and extensively specified but does not have a modular design. Keeping an API light is essential to allow other applications to integrate without crashing the host application.

3. Function

In functionality, both services are very distinct.

A software architecture based on microservices is defined by the business capabilities and priorities, which are usually designed to solve big and complex problems. But, using an API, a software system can be easily extended, connected to, or integrated with several other applications. APIs are designed to allow reusable interfaces to connect to any number of services as long as they follow the API integration guidelines. APIs are not visible to the end users. Instead, they are under the hood and directly accessible to other applications that want to connect to your software application.

4. Versatility 

Microservices are used to integrate specific business capabilities into a product, limiting their versatility. They are not robust components but highly specified functional units that give software its purpose. 

APIs, on the contrary, are highly versatile. You can create an API using any containerized service with any programming language, such as Java, Python, and PHP. Also, APIs can be deployed on any cloud infrastructure, such as AWS and Google Cloud Platform. Furthermore, there are several kinds of APIs to choose from for your application. The most popular are RESTful APIs that allow communication between the two applications over the HTTP endpoints. Such an API uses GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE commands to fetch data. Some other popular API formats are RPC, SOAP, and GraphQL. 

Conclusion 

There is no choice between microservices and APIs for building a practical and robust application or software. You have to use both: microservices to create business-specific software or application, while APIs are necessary for these microservices to communicate within its layers and third-party applications.

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REST & APIs: why you should be interested

We will explain Representational State Transfer (REST) principles to learn and what benefits you can get from learning.

Before 2000, Application Program Interface (or API as commonly known), was designed to be secure which was also very complex to develop and harder to maintain. A group of researchers, led by Roy Fielding, came up with the idea of REST (Representational State Transfer) which brought out the true power and potential of APIs in 2000. The purpose was to create communication between two servers that are located worldwide. They came up with principles, constraints and properties that constituted a resource-oriented architecture, client-server-based architecture, and interface uniformity which required no state preservation.

These were easily implemented using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It became a game-changer for the API landscape. The APIs developed under REST use less bandwidth. It is simple to develop and since the communication is supported via the internet, it is not required for the servers to be connected physically.

What is REST?

Rest stands for Representational State Transfer which is an architectural style that has gained popularity in recent years because of its simplicity and scalability. SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) was the de-facto way of accessing resources and communicating over the web before REST gained popularity.

RESTful APIs have also given various trends like cloud computing and microservices-based architecture. They have made communication and computing easy. Many companies prefer developers with REST knowledge as they help them develop products that are scalable, easy to maintain and make their products reach out to the world because of the power of the internet.

REST Resource

Every content in the REST architecture is considered as a resource. The resource is parallel to the object in the object-oriented programming world. They can be represented as text files, HTML pages, images or any other dynamic data. Every resource is identified globally using a URI.

What is URI?

URI is a short form of Uniform Resource Identifier used for identifying every resource of the REST architecture. Format of URI is:

<protocol>://<service-name>/<ResourceType>/<ResourceID>

There are two types of URI:

URN: Uniform Resource Name identifies the resource using a name that is unique and constant.

These follow the urn scheme and are usually prefixed with urn:

Examples:

 urn:isbn:1234567890 is used for the identification of books based on the ISBN.

 urn:mpeg:mpeg7:schema:2001 is the default namespace rule for metadata of MPEG-7 video.

It can easily be translated into a URL by using “resolver”once a URN identifies a document after which the document can be downloaded.


URL:
Uniform Resource Locator contains the information about fetching of a resource from its location.

Examples:

 http://abc.com/samplePage.html
ftp://sampleServer.com/sampleFile.zip
file:///home/interviewbit/sampleFile.txt

URLs start with a protocol like FTP, HTTP, etc and they have the information of the network hostname (sampleServer.com) and the path to the document(/samplepage.html).

Why should you care about REST?

In this section, we will discuss why REST principles are important and why it’s worth learning more about them.

  1. Easy to understand and implement

       2. Makes your application more scalable

There are multiple reasons behind REST which help make an application more scalable:

  • Stateless on the server side
  •  Faster data interchange format
  •  Caching is easier
  • Easy to modify
  • A layered system that organizes each type of server
  • Code on demand

Conclusion

In this article, we have tried to express why we value REST and why we believe you should value it as well. We hope that after reading this, the reasons to get interested in REST standards are now more clear to you and can serve as a motivation to learn more about the topic.

Tips for writing API documentation

In software development, it is crucial to make a product robust. It is essential that the software you create can be integrated with other applications. For this functionality, you have to create an API or Application Programming Interface. But to let other developers use your application quickly, you must provide them with the comprehensive API documentation. 

Writing excellent API documentation is not where most backend developers shine. If you lack the same skill, remember that your API might never be used to its full potential. It is simply because an API is only as good as its API documentation.

This article will explore some of the best ways to write excellent API documentation. Before that, it is essential to understand what an API document is. 

What is API documentation?

API documentation is a type of technical writing that details an API’s features and how to use them within an application. The API documentation includes everything from how to request the API to the different response codes it returns. Compared to other technical documentation, it is tricky to write API documentation as it needs to be consistent with existing developer docs. You must know what developers want from your API and create documentation accordingly. 

Proper documentation is as essential as quality API development because it decides how easy it will be to use. 

To help you succeed, we are listing the best API documentation strategies to create a resource that will help developers make the best use of your API. 

Include all the necessary elements 

The excellent API documentation provides not only an overview but much more information.

The overview must summarize the API and tell developers what problem it is solving. You should also include your API’s benefits over other similar APIs. But most importantly, it provides tutorials to help developers understand the API concept and its implementation in different scenarios. Tutorials must also explain how to integrate and configure API in a step-by-step approach to function properly.

To further make it easy for developers to understand the scope of your API, you can include examples of calls, responses, outputs, error handling, and other operations. If your API documentation has too many call functions, you can also include a glossary to make navigating the content more accessible.

Pro Tip: Don’t make API documentation boring for the user with long paragraphs and too much text. It’s a technical document, but it should contain data in schemas, images, and code snippets to give a straightforward explanation of features. If the definitions are too lengthy, you can include them in the glossary and use references in the documentation wherever required.

Use relatable content 

The above-listed tip doesn’t mean your API documentation must be restricted to only written guides and glossary. You can also include PowerPoint slides and short videos within the content to illustrate how your API integrates with other applications.

It gets easier for developers to quickly access and decide your API’s applicability if they can find use cases that relate to their requirements. Depending on the programming languages your API supports, you can create code snippets for each to help developers understand how to use the API in their code.

Create simple, easy-to-understand technical content 

API documentation is pretty technical, but it doesn’t have to be ambiguous. While it is impossible to avoid all technical terms, you can keep the language of the documentation simple by avoiding complex grammatical constructions. Keep the content simple, relatable, and straightforward. Developers should understand the API documentation without scratching their heads.

You have to ensure that you are not overly complicating the documentation while not leaving out any critical details. You have to strike a balance. To make it easier for developers to understand any acronyms or technical terms, explain them in the glossary section giving a link for the reference.

Use API documentation tools 

A good documentation tool can make it a lot easier to write well-prepared API documentation. As in API development, several tools are available for the purpose. You can save much time if you use API documentation tools as they provide standard templates to start with rather than creating everything from scratch. Here are two tools to use:

  1. Postman– Postman is one of the largest platforms for building and maintaining APIs, but it is also an excellent tool for API documentation. It uses a machine-readable documentation tool to help backend developers write better API documentation faster.
  2. DapperDox– An open-source API documentation tool, DapperDox offers several themes to create documentation combining diagrams, specifications, and other types of content. It also allows authors to write GitHub-flavored markdowns.

Check for errors 

API documentation can have typos and other errors like any other writing assignment. It is essential to proofread the document for errors and formatting issues before publishing it. You should refine the content to ensure it is easy to understand, error-free, and well-organized.

Conclusion 

API documentation is as essential as API development as it lays out how the API works. Without well-prepared API documentation, your API might never see the success it deserves. We hope these tips will help you write excellent documentation for your APIs.

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